Creating a local area network (LAN) between two or more computers is a basic skill that allows file sharing without flash drives and allows online gaming. Modern operating systems, such as Windows 10 And Windows 11, have built-in mechanisms for this, but the default security settings often block the connection. Users encounter a situation where devices see the router but are unable to see each other in the network environment.
In this article, we'll walk you through the entire process, from a basic connection check to fine-tuning sharing settings. You'll learn how to correctly set static IP addresses, configure network profiles, and bypass common firewall blockages. Proper configuration will ensure stable data transfer at the high speeds your network can support. wireless interface.
Before attempting complex setup, make sure both computers are physically connected to the same access point. This could be a home router or a corporate access point to which you have administrator rights. If one device is connected via cable and the other via wireless, the method remains the same; the key is to be on the same network segment.
Checking basic connectivity and names
The first step is to verify that both devices are indeed on the same subnet. Often, the problem isn't related to complex Windows settings, but rather to simple connections to different SSIDs or guest networks isolated from the main one. Go to the network settings on both computers and check the name of the wireless network you're connected to.
It's also critical that each device on the network has a unique name. If you cloned the system or haven't changed the settings since purchase, the names may overlap, causing conflicts. You can change the computer name through the system settings, but a reboot will be required for the changes to take effect.
⚠️ Important: Make sure that both devices have Wi-Fi enabled and are connected to your router, not a neighbor's or mobile hotspot with the same name.
To quickly check the connection, use the built-in command line utility. Open the command prompt (CMD) on the first computer and enter the ping command with the IP address of the second device. If you receive a response, the physical connection is established, and the issue lies with software permissions.
Setting up a network profile: Private or Public
One of the most common reasons why computers can't see each other is an incorrectly selected network profile. When you first connect to a new Wi-Fi network, Windows asks if you want to make your computer discoverable. If you answer "No" or the network is set to "Public," the system blocks incoming connections for security reasons.
To fix this, you need to change the network profile to "Private." In this mode, the operating system allows the device to be discovered by other computers and opens the necessary ports for file sharing. This can be configured through the Network and Sharing Center or Wi-Fi settings in the modern system interface.
After changing the profile, the network will become discoverable. However, simply switching the profile isn't enough—you need to enable sharing features in the corresponding menu. Without this step, even on a private network, folders will remain closed to external access.
- 📁 Open "Settings" and go to the "Network & Internet" section.
- 🔒 Find your Wi-Fi connection properties and select the "Private" network type.
- 👁️ Enable the "Make this PC discoverable" option.
It's worth noting that in corporate networks, administrators often force the "Public" profile through group policies. In this case, changing user-level settings may be blocked, requiring a call to the IT department.
Enabling Sharing and Discoverability
After setting up your network profile, you need to configure detailed sharing settings. Windows provides flexible tools for managing which resources are available to other users. These settings are located in the Network and Sharing Center under "Change advanced sharing settings."
Here you'll need to enable network discovery and file and printer sharing for the current profile (Private network). It's also recommended to enable automatic configuration of network devices so the system manages the necessary services automatically. Without these options enabled, your computer will be "invisible" to your network neighbors.
netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="File and Printer Sharing" new enable=YesThis command, entered in the Command Prompt as an administrator, forces firewall rules for public access. This is a useful trick if the GUI is glitchy or settings aren't applied automatically.
☑️ Sharing Settings Checklist
The "All Networks" section deserves special attention. Here you'll find the important "Password-protected sharing" option. If this option is enabled, when attempting to access the network from another computer, the system will prompt you to enter the username and password of the user account that owns the resources.
⚠️ Note: Disabling password protection simplifies access, but reduces security. Only do this on trusted home networks where there is no risk of unauthorized devices connecting.
Setting up static IP addresses
For stable network operation, especially if you plan to frequently exchange data or run server applications, it's recommended to assign static IP addresses. The router's DHCP server may change the device's address over time, causing links to resources to stop working. Fixing the address eliminates this problem.
The addresses must be in the same subnet, but differ in the last octet. For example, if the gateway (router) has the address 192.168.1.1, the first computer can be assigned 192.168.1.10, and the second 192.168.1.20. The subnet mask usually remains the standard 255.255.255.0.
| Parameter | Computer 1 | Computer 2 | Router (Gateway) |
|---|---|---|---|
| IP address | 192.168.1.10 | 192.168.1.20 | 192.168.1.1 |
| Subnet mask | 255.255.255.0 | 255.255.255.0 | 255.255.255.0 |
| Main gateway | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.1 | - |
| DNS server | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.1 | - |
The setting is made in the protocol properties. Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) in the wireless network adapter settings. Be careful when entering the numbers: an error in one gateway digit will result in loss of internet access, although the local network may continue to function.
What should I do if there is an IP address conflict?
If you assign an address that's already taken by another device on the network, Windows will display a warning about an IP address conflict, and the network may stop working for one of the devices. To avoid this, use addresses in a range that isn't in the router's dynamic DHCP pool (usually addresses at the end of the range, such as 200 to 254).
Opening access to folders and disks
After configuring your network settings, you need to select the resources you want to share. This could be a single document folder, a photo archive, or even an entire logical drive. Sharing is a simple process, but it has its own nuances regarding access rights.
Right-click the folder, select "Properties," and go to the "Sharing" tab. Click "Advanced" and check "Share this folder." Under "Permissions," ensure that the "Everyone" group or a specific user has permission to read or modify files.
There's also a "Security" tab where you configure NTFS permissions. It's common for everything to be accessible over the network, but the system blocks access due to insufficient file system permissions. Add the "Everyone" user to this list if you want to simplify access as much as possible.
- 📂 Right-click on the folder and select "Properties".
- 🔓 Go to the "Access" tab → "Advanced settings".
- ✅ Check the "Share" box and set the permissions (Read/Write).
To quickly access shared resources on another computer, use the Run command (Win+R) and enter the path in the format \\192.168.1.20\SharedFolderThis allows you to instantly open a resource, avoiding a lengthy search through your network environment.
Diagnostics and troubleshooting
Even with the correct settings, errors can still occur. Computers may not see each other, request a password that isn't accepted, or fail when transferring large files. First, check the Windows services responsible for networking.
The Function Discovery Resource Publishing and Device Connection Manager services must be running and set to Automatic. If they are stopped, the network will not function correctly. You can check this in the Services window (services.msc).
It's also worth making sure your antivirus or third-party firewall isn't blocking your local network. Often, when you install an antivirus, the network profile automatically switches to "Public," completely blocking incoming connections. Add your network to the trusted list in your antivirus settings.
If nothing helps, try resetting the network settings with the command netsh int ip reset and reboot the computers. This will reset all network adapters and protocols to factory defaults, eliminating any potential TCP/IP stack software glitches.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to connect computers via a router if one is connected via cable and the other via Wi-Fi?
Yes, this is possible and is a common situation. The physical connection type doesn't matter to the router; the important thing is that both devices are on the same local area network (LAN) and have addresses assigned by the same DHCP server or manually assigned in the same range.
Why does my account password keep getting rejected when I enter it?
This is a common issue when password protection is enabled. Try entering ComputerName\UserNameAlso, make sure the account on the target computer has a password (blank passwords are often blocked by security policies).
How to find out the IP address of a second computer?
On the second computer, open the command prompt (cmd) and enter the command ipconfigFind the "IPv4 Address" line in the "Wireless LAN" section. This is the address you need to use to connect.
Will the network work if I turn off the Internet on the router?
Yes, a local area network (LAN) works regardless of whether you have access to a wide area network (WAN). You can transfer files, play online, and use network printers even if your ISP cable is disconnected from your router.