Organizing local data exchange between multiple devices is a basic task for the modern user. Connecting two computers to Wi-Fi Provides access to shared folders, network printers, and allows wireless local gaming. There are several implementation scenarios for this task, depending on the availability of an active internet connection and the type of hardware used.
In this article, we'll discuss how to connect PCs via a standard router, how to set up a direct computer-to-computer connection without a router, and what system settings need to be changed to ensure devices display correctly on the network. Windows 10 and 11 have similar settings logic, but the menu interface may differ.
Before beginning software configuration, ensure that the network adapters on both devices are working properly and that the drivers are installed correctly. This is the foundation without which any manipulation of IP addresses will be useless.
Connecting via a router: the classic method
The most common and reliable way to connect two computers into a network is to use Wi-Fi routerIn this scenario, the router acts as a central hub, distributing IP addresses and managing traffic. Both computers must be connected to the same wireless network, with the same SSID on both devices.
After physically connecting to the access point, you need to ensure that the operating system has correctly detected the network type. To properly share files, the network profile must be set to "Private" or "Home," not "Public." In the public profile Windows Blocks detection of other devices by default for security purposes.
Check the connection status in the system tray or through the network settings. If both computers have IP addresses from the same subnet (usually starting with 192.168.xx), the physical connection is configured correctly.
⚠️ Note: If one computer is connected via cable and the other via Wi-Fi, they will still be on the same network if the cable is inserted into the LAN port of the same router that distributes Wi-Fi.
Sometimes antivirus software or third-party firewalls can block network discovery even when Windows is configured correctly. In this case, you need to add the current network to the trusted list in your security software's interface.
Setting up a shared network profile
The key point in organizing interaction between PCs is changing the network profile. Network discovery — This is a feature that allows a computer to "see" other devices and be visible to them. Without this option enabled, computers will operate in isolation, even when on the same network.
To change your profile in Windows 10/11 Go to "Settings," then "Network & Internet." Select your active Wi-Fi connection and find the profile switch. Set it to "Private." This will allow ports for local data exchange.
Next, you need to enable sharing features. In the Control Panel, under "Network and Sharing Center," select "Change advanced sharing settings." Here, you need to enable the following options for the current profile:
- 📡 Enable network discovery
- 💾 Enable file and printer sharing
- 🔒 Allow Windows to manage HomeGroup connections
After making changes, be sure to click "Save Changes." The system may prompt you to confirm administrator privileges. Restarting the computers after this procedure is not required, but it is recommended to reset the network services cache.
Direct computer-to-computer connection (Ad-Hoc)
Situations where a router is unavailable require creating a direct wireless connection between the two devices. This method is known as Ad-Hoc network or computer-to-computer. In this mode, one computer acts as an access point, creating a virtual network to which the second device connects.
In modern versions Windows Creating such a network is possible via the command line or a mobile hotspot. However, a stable PC-to-PC connection without internet access often requires manual IP address configuration, as such a network lacks a DHCP server, which typically assigns addresses automatically.
On the first computer, create a network, and on the second computer, find it in the list of available connections. Once connected, you need to assign static IP addresses to both devices. The addresses must be in the same subnet, but differ in the last number.
| Parameter | Computer 1 (Host) | Computer 2 (Client) |
|---|---|---|
| IP address | 192.168.137.1 | 192.168.137.2 |
| Subnet mask | 255.255.255.0 | 255.255.255.0 |
| Default Gateway | 192.168.137.1 | 192.168.137.1 |
| DNS | Not specified | Not specified |
It's important to follow the sequence: first, create the network on the host, then connect the client, and only then assign static addresses. If you skip the network creation step, connection will be impossible.
⚠️ Warning: When creating an ad-hoc network, your antivirus software may block incoming connections. Temporarily disable your firewall to test the connection.
What to do if the devices cannot see each other?
Make sure the Function Discovery Resource Publishing service is enabled on both computers. Also, make sure the workgroup name is the same on both computers; by default, it's WORKGROUP.
Setting up static IP addresses
For stable operation of the local network, especially when using network printers or game servers, it is recommended to use static IP addressesDynamic address assignment (DHCP) is convenient, but the device's address may change after a router reboot, resulting in loss of connection to shared resources.
The setting is made in the protocol properties. Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4)Open Control Panel → Network and Internet → Network and Sharing Center. Click on the name of your Wi-Fi connection, then click Properties. Find and select Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click the "Properties" button.
In the window that opens, select "Use the following IP address." Enter the address corresponding to your network. If your router issues addresses like 192.168.0.x, then the static address should start the same way. For example, 192.168.0.15. The system often automatically enters the subnet mask.
Pay special attention to the "Default Gateway" field. It should contain the router's IP address. A single character error will result in your computer losing internet access, although your local network may still be operational.
☑️ Check network settings
Advanced security and access settings
After setting up a connection, users often encounter a login and password prompt when attempting to access folders. This is due to the security policy. WindowsTo make access easier on a trusted home network, you can disable the password requirement for shared access.
Return to "Advanced Sharing Settings" and find the "All Networks" section at the very bottom. Select "Turn off password-protected sharing." This will allow any device on your local network to access shared folders without entering credentials.
However, if you are in an office or public place, password protection is critically important. In this case, it's better to create a separate local user with limited rights specifically for network access than to disable protection completely.
It's also worth checking Windows services. Click Win + R, enter services.msc and find the "Function Discovery Provider" service. Make sure it is running and its startup type is set to "Automatic."
Diagnostics and troubleshooting
If the connection is established, but files are not transferred or the speed is extremely low, you need to network diagnosticsThe first step should always be a team test. pingOpen the command prompt (cmd) and enter ping 192.168.x.x (the address of the second computer). The response "Reply from..." means that a physical connection exists.
A common issue is mismatched SMB protocol versions. Older devices may not see newer computers because SMB 1.0 is disabled by default. However, enabling it is not recommended due to vulnerabilities. It's better to use modern sharing methods or update the software on the older device.
Problems with your Wi-Fi adapter drivers can also cause connection interruptions. Go to Device Manager, find your network adapter, and in the "Power Management" tab, uncheck "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power."
⚠️ Note: Settings interfaces may change with operating system updates. If you don't find the specified option, search for it in Windows settings or refer to your router manufacturer's documentation.
If none of these methods help, try temporarily disabling your antivirus and Windows Firewall. This will help you determine whether third-party software is blocking network traffic.
Why can't computers see each other on the network?
The most common cause is different network profiles (one "Private," the other "Public") or disabled network discovery. Also, make sure the computer names are different and that they are in the same workgroup.
Is it possible to connect computers without a router?
Yes, by using the Mobile Hotspot feature in Windows 10/11 or by creating a direct computer-to-computer (Ad-Hoc) connection, although the latter method requires more complex manual IP address configuration.
What data transfer speed can I expect over Wi-Fi?
The actual speed of a local network using 802.11n/ac Wi-Fi is typically between 20 and 80 Mbps, which is significantly lower than cable speeds. For transferring large files, a LAN cable is better.
Is internet required for a local network to function?
No, internet access is not required to share files and play games over a local network. Devices must be connected to the same router or directly.