Creating a local network between two computers without cables is a common task for Windows 10 users. This may be necessary for quickly transferring large files, collaborating on documents, or setting up a media server. Modern technologies make this possible using standard operating system tools, without the need for complex third-party software.
However, despite automating many processes, the Windows security system often blocks device detection by default. User interface may hide important switches needed to make your PC visible on the network. In this article, we'll walk you through a detailed process to help you establish a stable connection.
To successfully implement the plan, both devices must be within the range of a reliable signal from one access point. Router It acts as an intermediary, distributing traffic between connected clients. If you plan to transmit sensitive data, ensure your Wi-Fi network is protected with a strong password and WPA2 or WPA3 encryption.
Checking router hardware compatibility and settings
Before proceeding with software settings, you need to ensure physical connectivity. Both computers must be equipped with working Wi-Fi adapters. Unlike a wired connection, a wireless network is more sensitive to interference and distance. Make sure both devices are connected to the same wireless network (SSID).
An important aspect is the network type assigned by Windows when you first connect. The system may classify your home network as "Public," which automatically enables strict firewall rules. To enable local data exchange, you need to change the network profile to "Private." This will open the ports needed to discover other devices.
⚠️ Caution: If you're in an office or other location (such as a cafe or airport), changing your profile to "Private" may make your computer visible to others. Only perform these steps on trusted home networks.
It's also worth checking your router settings. Some models have a client isolation (or AP isolation) feature, which by default prevents devices on the network from communicating with each other. If, after adjusting all the settings in Windows, the computers still can't see each other, go to the router control panel and make sure this feature is disabled.
Setting up a network profile and sharing
The first step in software configuration is to change the network type. Open the Start menu and go to Parameters (gear icon). Next, select Network and Internet, then in the menu on the left click on Wi-FiClick on the name of your current wireless network.
In the properties window that opens, find the "Network Profile" section. Here, switch the radio button from "Public" to "Private." This tells the operating system that you are in a secure environment and allows your computer to be visible to other devices. Repeat this procedure on the second computer.
The next step is to enable detection features. In the same settings panel, find the link Sharing options (or go through Control Panel: Network and Internet → Network and Sharing Center → Change advanced sharing options). Here you will need to expand the "Private (current profile)" section.
- 📡 Turn on network discovery - this will allow your computer to see other PCs and be visible to others.
- 📂 Enable file and printer sharing—a basic feature for transferring data.
- 🔒 Allow Windows to manage HomeGroup connections (if available in your version).
After making changes, be sure to click the "Save Changes" button. Without this step, all settings will remain at the interface level and will not be applied to network protocols.
Configuring sharing settings for folders
Once the network is set up, you need to determine which resources you want to share. Windows 10 offers several levels of access. The easiest way is to use the default "Shared Documents" folder, but for flexibility, it's better to configure access to a custom folder.
Create a new folder or select an existing one, right-click it, and select "Properties." Go to the "Sharing" tab and click "Advanced." Check the "Share this folder" box.
In the same window, click "Permissions." Here you can fine-tune permissions for the "Everyone" group or specific users. By default, permissions may be set to read-only. If you plan to edit files from another computer, you should check "Full Control" or at least "Change."
| Permission type | Description of action | Recommended use |
|---|---|---|
| Full access | Reading, writing, modifying, and deleting files | For working folders with projects |
| Change | Read, write, and delete, but cannot change permissions | For shared data stores |
| Reading | View and copy files only | For media libraries and archives |
| Special permits | Fine-tuning permissions (read-only attributes, etc.) | For advanced users and servers |
It's important to note that the security settings on the "Security" tab also affect access. If you grant permissions in the "Access" tab but block the user in "Security," access will not be granted. Ensure that "Everyone" or a specific user with read/write permissions is included in the security group list.
☑️ Folder setup checklist
Search for connected devices and connect to a network drive
Once both computers are configured, you can begin connecting. Open File Explorer (click Win + E). In the left navigation panel, find the "Network" section. If network discovery is enabled correctly, you should see the second computer's name after a few seconds.
If the computer doesn't show up right away, try refreshing the list by right-clicking in an empty area of the window and selecting "Refresh." You can also use the address bar: enter \\Computer_Name or \\Computer_IP_AddressYou can find out the IP address by running the command line (cmd) on the target PC and entering the command ipconfig.
When you first connect, the system may prompt you for credentials. You'll need to enter the login and password of the user whose folder is shared on the remote computer. Account must exist on the PC you're connecting to. If the account doesn't have a password, Windows may block the connection for security reasons.
For ease of frequent use, you can map the shared folder as a network drive. In File Explorer, right-click "This PC" and select "Map network drive." Select the drive letter (e.g., Z:), enter the path to the folder, and check "Reconnect at logon."
What should I do if it asks for a password but I don't have one?
In Windows 10, passwordless login is disabled by default. To connect, either create a password for the user on the remote PC, disable the password requirement for shared access in the registry (not recommended for beginners), or disable the password requirement for shared access using Group Policy. The easiest way is to create a new user with a password specifically for network connections.
Troubleshooting common connection errors
Even if you follow all the instructions, problems may still occur. One of the most common errors is "Windows cannot access...." This is often due to a security service blocking it. Check if the "HomeGroup Feature Discovery Provider" and "Discovery Provider Library Host" services are enabled. You can find them using the command services.msc.
Another common issue is an IP address conflict or an incorrect gateway. Make sure both computers are on the same subnet. For example, if the first computer's IP is 192.168.1.5, the second computer's IP should be in the 192.168.1.X range (where X is from 2 to 254), and the subnet mask for both should be 255.255.255.0.
⚠️ Note: Windows 10 interfaces are subject to update. The location of some menu items or service names may vary slightly depending on the build version (Home, Pro, Enterprise) and installed security updates.
It's also worth checking your antivirus software. Third-party antivirus programs (Kaspersky, ESET, Avast, etc.) often have their own built-in firewalls that can block your local network, even if the standard Windows firewall is configured correctly. Try temporarily disabling network protection in your antivirus for diagnostic purposes.
Alternative data transfer methods and security
If setting up a local network seems too complicated or unstable, there are alternatives. For one-time file transfers, you can use cloud storage (OneDrive, Google Drive, Yandex.Disk) or instant messaging apps. However, for regular work with large amounts of data (video editing, backups), a local Wi-Fi network remains the most effective solution.
From a security standpoint, always use complex passwords for your accounts. Don't grant full access rights to the "Everyone" group on critical system folders. Regularly update your router's firmware, as vulnerabilities in wireless protocols can allow attackers to intercept transmitted data.
To improve transfer speeds, ensure both computers are connected to the 5 GHz band if your router supports dual-band mode. The 2.4 GHz band is highly susceptible to interference from household appliances and neighboring networks, which can significantly reduce actual file transfer speeds.
Why is my computer not visible on the network even though everything is turned on?
Often the problem lies with the "Function Discovery Resource Publishing" service. It must be running. Also, check if the "Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power" option is checked for the network adapter in Device Manager. Sometimes resetting the network settings via the command prompt helps. netsh winsock reset.
Is it possible to connect computers without a router?
Yes, it's called Ad-Hoc mode. However, in Windows 10, this feature is hidden and requires complex command-line manipulation. It's easier to use the Mobile Hotspot feature: one PC distributes Wi-Fi, and the other connects to it. The sharing logic remains the same.
How to find out the IP address of a second computer?
On the second computer, click Win + R, enter cmd and press Enter. In the black window, type ipconfigFind the "IPv4 Address" line in the section for your wireless adapter. This is the address you need to connect to.