Many Apple mobile device users encounter a situation where they need to update their operating system, but the wireless connection is unavailable or unstable. This process is often mistakenly referred to as a "BIOS update," although the term used in smartphones is firmware or iOSLack of Wi-Fi is not a critical issue, as there is a proven method for restoring and upgrading the system via a personal computer.
You'll need a computer running Windows or macOS, as well as an original or certified cable to connect the devices. A direct connection ensures more stable data transfer and reduces the risk of errors when writing system files. This is especially important if you're planning to upgrade to a major version of the operating system, which may exceed several gigabytes in size.
Before taking any action, you need to make sure that your device model is compatible with the new version of the operating system. iPhone Older generations may not support the latest features, but updating to the latest available version often includes important security patches. Ignoring updates can leave your device vulnerable to external threats.
⚠️ Important: Before making any changes to your system software, be sure to create a full backup of your data. In the event of a failure, you can restore the information from the archive.
Updating via a PC requires careful attention, but it's much more reliable than wirelessly. You get direct access to download servers, bypassing restrictions from your mobile network or home router. This guarantees the integrity of the downloaded data packet.
Preparation of equipment and software
The first step is to install the latest version of the intermediary program on your computer. Windows and macOS versions prior to Catalina use iTunes, while newer Macs use this function. FinderOutdated software versions may not recognize new phone models or lack access to the necessary repositories.
Make sure you have sufficient free space on your computer's hard drive. Temporary update files and the backup itself can take up significant space, sometimes exceeding 10-15 GB. Insufficient space will cause the process to fail early.
☑️ Checking readiness for firmware
Use only properly functioning cables. Cheaper alternatives often fail to handle long-term data transfers and may fail at the most inopportune moment. Synchronization must be stable throughout the entire procedure.
You should also disable any antivirus or firewall software on your computer, as this could block the connection to Apple servers. Sometimes security software mistakenly flags the update process as suspicious activity.
Creating a data backup
Saving information is a priority over any intervention in the operating system. Even if the update goes smoothly, there's always a risk of losing contacts, photos, and messages. A local copy on your computer is more reliable than a cloud copy, as it doesn't rely on internet speed during critical moments.
To create an archive, connect your device to a computer and trust that computer if the prompt appears on your smartphone's screen for the first time. In the iTunes or Finder interface, select your device and click "Create a backup now."
It is recommended to set an encryption password for the backup. This will preserve not only media files, but also passwords and health data from HealthKit and activity history. Without encryption, this sensitive data will not be copied.
| Data type | Saved without encryption | Saved with encryption | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Photos and videos | Yes | Yes | High |
| Wi-Fi passwords | No | Yes | Average |
| Health Data | No | Yes | Critical |
| System settings | Yes | Yes | High |
Once the process is complete, the program will notify you that the restore point has been successfully created. Now you can rest assured that your data is safe and move on to the next step.
Updating via iTunes on Windows and older macOS
Owners of computers with Windows or macOS Mojave and earlier versions use the classic iTunesAfter connecting your smartphone and selecting it in the menu, go to the "Overview" section. This displays basic information about the device and the current software version.
Click the "Update" button. The system will automatically check for a new firmware version for your model. Unlike the "Restore" button, this option preserves user data on the device, replacing only system files.
If the automatic search doesn't work or you want to install a specific firmware version (IPSW file), you can use the manual method. To do this, download the firmware file from the official website in advance and hold down the Shift (on Windows) or Option (on Mac), click the "Update" button.
⚠️ Caution: Do not disconnect the cable or restart the computer during the process. Interrupting the writing of system partitions may prevent the device from booting.
The process takes between 10 and 40 minutes, depending on the device model and USB port speed. The smartphone screen will display the Apple logo and a progress bar. During this time, the phone is unavailable for use.
Using Finder on newer versions of macOS
Starting with macOS Catalina, iTunes functionality was deprecated and distributed among system applications. Mobile device management was completely transferred to FinderConnect your iPhone to your Mac, and it will appear in the sidebar under "Locations."
Finder's interface mirrors iTunes's. In the main tab, you'll see a "Check for Updates" button. Clicking it will check your device's iOS version against Apple's servers. If a new version is available, a "Download and Update" button will appear.
It's important to note that the process may be faster on a Mac thanks to the optimized APFS file system. However, connection stability requirements remain the same. Make sure your laptop is plugged in to avoid draining the battery during the process.
Once the file has downloaded and verified, your computer will begin installation. Your device will reboot several times. Do not attempt to open Finder or eject your device until the desktop appears.
What to do if Finder doesn't detect your iPhone?
If the device doesn't appear, try replacing the cable, using a different USB port, or restarting your computer. Also, check if you have the latest macOS update installed.
Troubleshooting common firmware errors
During the update process, error codes may appear indicating various problems. For example, the error 4013 This often indicates a problem with the USB cable or port. Replacing the cable or connecting it to the port on the back of the system unit (directly to the motherboard) usually solves the problem.
Error 9 or 4005 This error may indicate a lack of space on the device itself or file system corruption. In such cases, Recovery Mode can sometimes help, allowing you to force a software update without going through the standard boot process.
Different models use different button combinations to enter recovery mode. On iPhone 8 and newer, quickly press and release the volume up button, then the volume down button, then hold the power button until the connect to computer screen appears.
- 🔌 Cable problem: Use an original Apple accessory or an MFi-certified one.
- 💻 Drivers: On Windows, make sure you have the latest Apple mobile device drivers installed.
- 🛡️ Antivirus: Temporarily disable third-party security programs that may be blocking the connection.
- 💾 Disk space: Free up space on your computer if the update gets stuck in the preparation phase.
If none of these methods help, there may be a hardware problem. In this case, attempting to fix it yourself could make the situation worse.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to update an iPhone without a computer if there is no Wi-Fi?
Technically, you can only update iOS via Wi-Fi or a computer. Apple doesn't support using mobile data (3G/4G/5G) to download system updates due to the large file size and connection stability requirements. The only option is to share a Wi-Fi connection from another phone.
Will updating through iTunes erase my data?
Selecting "Update" preserves your data. "Restore" completely erases your device. However, having a recent backup is a mandatory safety precaution before any update.
How long does the update process take?
The time depends on the iPhone model, data volume, and iOS version. On average, the process takes 15 to 45 minutes. Don't interrupt the process, even if it seems stuck.
What is an IPSW file and what is it for?
IPSW is an iOS firmware file format. It's used for manual installation of the system via iTunes/Finder while holding down the [key] key if automatic updates aren't working or if you need to roll back to a previous version (while Apple is still signing the version).