Creating a local network between two computers is a fundamental step for those who want to share files without using flash drives or cloud storage. In the operating system Windows 10 This process has been significantly simplified compared to previous versions, but it still requires a series of sequential settings. If both devices are connected to the same Wi-Fi router, they are already physically connected, but in order to exchange data, they need to be programmatically allowed to “see” each other.
The main difficulty users face lies in security settings, which by default may block incoming connections. The key point is that the network profiles on both computers match: both should be running in “Private Network” mode, not “Public”. Ignoring this rule results in devices being on the same network but not detecting each other when scanning.
In this guide, we'll walk you through every step of the setup process, from checking basic adapter settings to creating a shared folder. You'll learn how to manage access permissions and troubleshoot common errors that often occur when first attempting to set up a shared folder. local interactionThis knowledge will allow you to create an effective home media library or work cluster.
Checking basic network settings and names
Before you begin any complex steps, make sure both computers are properly connected to the wireless network. Open the network and internet settings to check the current connection status. It's important that both devices receive IP addresses from the same subnet, which usually happens automatically when connecting to the same network. router.
Each computer on the network is assigned a unique name that must not be repeated. To check and change the name, go to the system control panel. If the names are the same or contain invalid characters, change them to unique values, for example, PC-HOME-1 And PC-HOME-2.
It's also worth checking the network type your system has set up. Windows 10 often defaults to the "Public Network" profile for new Wi-Fi connections, which hides your computer from other devices. You'll need to switch the profile to "Private" on both computers to enable discovery.
Make sure network discovery is enabled. This is a basic feature that allows your PC to announce its presence and search for other available resources. Without this step, further configuration is pointless.
Setting up sharing and discovery options
The central configuration element is the Advanced Sharing Settings panel. This is where you set the rules for all devices in your Wi-Fi zone. Go to "Network & Internet," then select "Sharing Settings."
In the "Private" profile, network discovery and file and printer sharing must be enabled. These two settings are critical. If they are disabled, the computer will ignore connection requests from network neighbors.
☑️ Sharing settings
The "Password-protected sharing" setting deserves special attention. If you're in a trusted home environment, you can disable it to simplify access. However, if you have other devices on the network, it's best to leave it enabled and use the same accounts on both PCs.
⚠️ Warning: Disabling password protection makes your shared folders accessible to anyone who connects to your Wi-Fi. Make sure your wireless network is protected by strong encryption. WPA2 or WPA3.
After making changes, be sure to click the "Save Changes" button. The system may require a restart of network services or the computer itself for the new security rules to take effect.
Creating and sharing a shared folder
Now that the network is set up, you need to create a location to store the files you want to share. You can use any existing folder or create a new one, for example, on a disk. C: or D:. Name it clearly, for example, Shared_Files.
To grant access, right-click the folder and select "Properties." Go to the "Sharing" tab and click "Advanced." Here, check the box next to "Share this folder."
Next, you need to configure user permissions. Click "Permissions" and ensure that the "Everyone" group or a specific user has read and write permissions. If you only plan to view files, read permissions are sufficient.
How to hide a shared folder?
If you want a folder to be accessible but not visible in normal use, add a dollar sign to the end of the folder name (e.g., Files$). It will only be accessible via the direct path but will not appear in Network Neighborhood.
It's also important to check the "Security" tab in the folder's properties. NTFS file system permissions must match the share permissions. If a user has write access but doesn't have security permissions, access will be denied.
Connecting to a network resource by IP address
Sometimes automatic discovery doesn't work correctly, and computers don't see each other in the network list. In this case, the most reliable method is a direct connection via IP address. To do this, you first need to find out the IP address of the computer hosting the shared folder.
Open the command prompt by typing cmd in the search and run the command ipconfigFind the "IPv4 Address" line in the section for your wireless adapter. Write down this address; it will look something like this: 192.168.1.X.
On the second computer, press the key combination Win + Rto open the Run window. Enter a double backslash and the IP address of the first computer, for example: \\192.168.1.55. Press Enter.
If the settings are correct, a File Explorer window will open displaying the contents of the remote computer's shared folders. For convenience, you can right-click the desired folder and select "Map network drive" to display it as a separate local drive in "My Computer."
Common problems and solutions
Despite the apparent simplicity, users often encounter access errors. One of the most common issues is the error "Windows cannot access...." This is often related to disabled services or firewall blocks.
Check the "Discovery Provider Host" and "Function Discovery Resource Publishing" services. They should be running and in automatic mode. To check, click Win + R, enter services.msc and find these services in the list.
Windows Firewall may also be blocking the connection. Make sure "File and Printer Sharing" is enabled in the firewall rules for private networks. Sometimes third-party antivirus software may block the local network, detecting suspicious activity.
⚠️ Note: The Windows 10 Settings interface is updated regularly. The location of some menu items may vary slightly depending on the build version (21H2, 22H2, and later). If you can't find the item you need, use the search in the system settings.
Comparison of connection methods and port table
There are several ways to organize data exchange, and the choice depends on your goals. You can use built-in Windows tools, third-party software, or cloud sync. Below is a comparison of the main methods.
| Method | Speed | Complexity | Internet addiction |
|---|---|---|---|
| SMB (Shared Folder) | High (up to 100 Mbps) | Average | Not required |
| Bluetooth | Low (up to 3 Mbps) | Low | Not required |
| Cloud services | Depends on the tariff | Low | Required |
| FTP server | High | High | Not required |
For transferring large amounts of data, such as movies or game backups, using a shared folder over SMB is the optimal solution. Protocol SMB Provides stable data transfer without compression, which preserves file quality.
If you need to transfer a few documents, it might be easier to use instant messaging apps or the cloud. However, for continuous access to files on different PCs, a local Wi-Fi network remains the de facto standard.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why can't computers see each other even though they have the same Wi-Fi?
Most likely, one of the computers has the network defined as "Public." Windows blocks discovery in this profile. Also, check that DNS and NetBIOS services are enabled in the adapter properties.
How do I remove the password prompt when accessing a shared folder?
In the sharing settings, disable "Password-protected sharing." Alternatively, create identical user accounts (login and password) on both computers.
Is it possible to combine computers if one is on Windows 10 and the other is on Windows 7?
Yes, this is possible. However, on Windows 10, you may need to enable support for the SMB 1.0 protocol, as it is disabled by default in newer versions for security reasons.
Does Wi-Fi speed affect file copy speed?
Absolutely. Copy speed will be limited by the wireless channel's bandwidth. At 2.4 GHz, actual speeds rarely exceed 3-4 MB/s, while 5 GHz can deliver 20-40 MB/s or more.
How to find the IP address of another computer on the network?
Use command prompt and command ping computer_name, then enter arp -a to view the table of names and IP addresses, or use a network scanner.