Creating a local area network (LAN) between multiple laptops wirelessly is a challenge many users face when they need to quickly exchange large files, share documents, or play online games. Modern operating systems like Windows 10 and 11 offer built-in tools for this scenario, but the multiple layers of security and firewall settings often turn a simple procedure into a complex quest. Understanding the basic principles of TCP/IP protocols and device discovery mechanisms is key to successful setup.
Unlike a wired connection, where simply plugging a cable into a network card is sufficient, a wireless setup requires compliance with a number of conditions regarding security and profile visibility. Local area network Wi-Fi not only allows for high-speed data transfer but also the use of shared resources, such as a printer or media library connected to one of the laptops. It's important to note that all devices must be within range of a single router or connected directly via peer-to-peer technology.
In this guide, we'll detail a sequence of actions to avoid common errors, such as computers not being visible in the network environment or connections being blocked by the system firewall. We'll cover configuring sharing settings, changing the network profile to private, and using the command line for diagnostics. Microsoft regularly updates security policies, so some menu items may differ slightly depending on the OS build version, but the basic logic remains the same.
Equipment preparation and requirements verification
Before beginning software configuration, you must ensure the physical connection is possible. All laptops planned for integration must be connected to the same wireless router. If you are using public networks, such as those in a cafe or airport, creating a full-fledged local network with file sharing will be blocked by the security policies of the ISP or access point administrator.
Make sure all devices have up-to-date drivers for their wireless adapters. Outdated software can cause connection instability or fail to support the required encryption protocols. It's also recommended to check that all machines are running the same or compatible operating system versions, although communication between different versions can vary. Windows (eg 10 and 11) is possible with proper configuration.
⚠️ Note: If one of the laptops uses mobile Internet via a hotspot (tethering) from a phone, and they are connected to a home router, they will be on different subnets and will not see each other without complex routing.
For stable operation, it's recommended that all devices automatically obtain IP addresses from the same subnet via the router's DHCP server. Manually assigning static addresses may only be necessary in specific cases, such as when automatic assignment is not working correctly or when persistent addresses are required for network shortcuts.
Changing the network profile to private
By default, the Windows operating system treats any new Wi-Fi connection as public. In this mode, the system minimizes the device's visibility to other users for security purposes, hiding it from the list of computers available for connection. The first and most important step is to switch the network profile to "Private" on all participating laptops.
To do this, open System Settings, go to "Network & Internet," and select "Wi-Fi." Click the name of your current wireless network. In the properties window that opens, find the Network Profile Type radio button and set it to "Private." This will allow your computer to respond to discovery requests and share resources.
After changing the profile, you must reboot the network adapter or completely reconnect to the access point for the changes to take effect. If you don't do this, Windows Firewall may continue to block incoming connections, ignoring the new profile settings. You can check the current status in the control panel, where the network type will be indicated next to the network name.
Setting up sharing options
The central element of the configuration is the Advanced Sharing Settings control panel. This is where you define the rules by which your computer responds to attempts by other devices to see it or access files. You can find this section via "Control Panel" → "Network and Internet" → "Network and Sharing Center" → "Change advanced sharing settings."
In the window that opens, you'll see several profiles: private, guest, or public, and all networks. Since we've already switched the profile to private, the main settings are in the first section. Network discovery must be enabled so the laptop can be seen and visible to other PCs. File and printer sharing should also be enabled.
The "All Networks" section deserves special attention. This is where you'll find the critically important password protection option. If you're in a trusted home environment and want to simplify access, you can disable password-protected access. However, this will reduce security, allowing any device within Wi-Fi range to connect to your shared folders without authorization.
☑️ Setting up sharing
After making all changes, be sure to click "Save Changes." The system may prompt you to confirm administrator privileges. In some cases, a computer restart is required for the new firewall and detection rules to apply.
Creating a shared folder and setting permissions
Simply enabling sharing isn't enough—you need to specify the specific resources you're willing to share. Select the folder you want to make available to other laptops on the network. Right-click it and select "Properties." Go to the "Sharing" tab and click "Advanced."
In the Advanced Settings window, check the "Share this folder" box. Below is the "Permissions" button, where you can fine-tune permissions for different user groups. By default, the "Everyone" group is selected, which typically has read permissions, but for full functionality, you often need to add modify and full access permissions.
| User group | Full access | Change | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | No | Yes | Yes |
| User (Owner) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Administrators | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Guest | No | No | Yes |
Keep in mind that access rights operate at two levels: the NTFS file system level and the sharing level. If a user doesn't have read permissions at the NTFS level, the sharing settings won't allow them to open the file. Therefore, in complex cases, it's worth checking the "Security" tab in the folder properties.
Searching for computers and connecting to resources
Once the settings have been configured on all machines, you can begin searching for devices. Open File Explorer and select Network in the left pane. If network discovery is working correctly, you'll see the names of all computers connected to the same Wi-Fi network and with shared access enabled.
If the computers aren't showing up, you can try accessing them directly by IP address or name. To do this, press Win + R, type double backslashes, and then the computer name (e.g., \\Laptop2) or its IP address (for example, \\192.168.1.55). This method often works even when standard detection fails.
The first time you connect, the system may ask for your credentials. If you've disabled password protection, you should be logged in automatically. Otherwise, you'll need to enter the username and password for the user account on the remote computer. For convenience, you can check the "Remember credentials" box to avoid having to enter them each time.
For easy access, you can map an accessible network folder as a network drive. In File Explorer, click "This PC," then select "Map Network Drive" from the menu. Select an available drive letter and enter the path to the shared folder. It will now appear as a regular local drive.
Diagnosis and solution of typical problems
Despite the apparent simplicity, users often encounter situations where computers cannot see each other. One common cause is a running "Network Discovery" (Function Discovery Resource Publication) service, which may be disabled by default in some Windows builds. It must be started via the service. services.msc and set the startup type to "Automatic".
Another problem could be blocked ports by an antivirus or third-party firewall. Even if the standard Windows firewall is configured correctly, third-party software can intercept network control. Try temporarily disabling your antivirus to test this hypothesis. If the network works again after this, add an exception for the local network in your security software settings.
⚠️ Note: Interfaces and menu item names may vary slightly depending on your Windows version (Home, Pro, Enterprise) and installed security updates. Always consult official Microsoft documentation for any critical discrepancies.
It's also worth checking whether SMB 1.0 support is enabled, although modern systems are moving away from it due to vulnerabilities. If you're connecting a very old device, you may need to enable this protocol through "Turn Windows features on or off," but do so with caution.
Alternative methods of organizing a connection
If the traditional router setup isn't suitable or you don't have a router, you can use Wi-Fi Direct or create a virtual access point. Windows 10 and 11 have a built-in "Mobile Hotspot" feature that allows you to share internet and create a local network from another laptop. However, throughput in access point mode is often lower than when connecting through a full-fledged router.
To transfer single large files, it is sometimes easier to use specialized software that runs over a local network, for example, Resilio Sync or ShareitThese programs automatically configure the necessary ports and tunnels, simplifying the process for the user, but require the installation of additional software on all participating devices.
In corporate environments or for advanced users, setting up a domain network or using static routes is important, which goes beyond a basic home setup. For most home scenarios, the steps described above for setting up public access and a network profile are sufficient.
Why can't computers see each other on the network?
Most often, the problem lies with the "Public" network profile, which blocks detection. Also, check that the "Feature Discovery Resource Publishing" service is enabled and that your antivirus isn't blocking the connection. Ensure both laptops are connected to the same router.
Do all laptops need the same Wi-Fi password?
Yes, all devices must be connected to the same wireless network (same SSID). If you have a dual-band router (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz), devices can be on the same network even on different frequencies, as long as they are grouped under the same SSID.
Is it safe to disable password protection when sharing?
In a trusted home network where there are no unauthorized devices, this is acceptable for convenience. However, in offices or places with a large number of guests, it's best to leave password protection enabled or use a guest network for visitors.
How to find out the IP address of your laptop?
Open command prompt (cmd) and enter the command ipconfigFind the "Wireless LAN Adapter" section and the "IPv4 Address" line. This is the address you need to use for a direct connection.
Is it possible to play online games over such a network?
Yes, a local network allows you to host LAN parties. The main thing is that the firewall doesn't block the game's executable file. Often, the system will ask for network access permission when you first launch the game.